Content disposition system and method for processing message content in a distributed environment

ABSTRACT

In one embodiment, a wireless mobile User Equipment (UE) device comprises a message generator configured to send a SIP request message via a first IP network and a processor configured to process a SIP response message received from a network node via the first IP network, the processor further configured to process instructions to provide a treatment for at least one message body content of the SIP response message based on a value of a content type indicator independent of at least one of an absence of a content disposition indicator, a content disposition indicator without a value and a content disposition indicator having a value. The treatment, applied by the UE device, may comprise one of: (i) performing an Emergency Services (ES) call effectuated via a CS network and (ii) performing a registration and an ES call effectuated via an IP network.

PRIORITY CLAIM UNDER 35 U.S.C. §120 & 37 C.F.R. §1.78

This nonprovisional patent application is a continuation applicationclaiming the benefit of the following prior United States patentapplication entitled: “CONTENT DISPOSITION SYSTEM AND METHOD FORPROCESSING MESSAGE CONTENT IN A DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT”, applicationSer. No.: 13/846,208, filed on Mar. 18, 2013, issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,178,932 on Nov. 3, 2015, which is a continuation application claimingthe benefit of the following prior United States patent applicationentitled: “CONTENT DISPOSITION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING MESSAGECONTENT IN A DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT”, application Ser. No.: 12/256,169,filed on Oct. 22, 2008, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,407,299 on Mar. 26,2013, which claims priority based upon the following prior U.S.provisional patent application(s): (i) “SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR HANDLINGSIP BODIES,” Application No.: 60/983,174, filed Oct. 27, 2007, in thename(s) of Jan John-Luc Bakker, Adrian Buckley and Andrew Allen; and(ii) “SIP CONTENT DISPOSITION HEARDER SYSTEM AND METHOD,” ApplicationSer. No.: 61/015,003, filed Dec. 19, 2007, in the name(s) of JanJohn-Luc Bakker, Adrian Buckley and Andrew Allen; each of whichforegoing applications is hereby incorporated by reference.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application discloses subject matter that is related to the subjectmatter of the following U.S. patent application(s): (i) “SYSTEM ANDMETHOD FOR EFFECTUATING AN EMERGENCY SERVICES (ES) CALL IN A NETWORKENVIRONMENT INCLUDING IMS”, application Ser. No. 12/240,321, filed onSep. 29, 2008, in the name(s) of Jan John-Luc Bakker, Andrew Allen andAdrian Buckley; (ii) “SCHEMA NEGOTIATION FOR VERSIONED DOCUMENTSTRANSMITTED IN A DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT”, application Ser. No.12/240,286, filed on Sep. 29, 2008, in the name(s) of Jan John-LucBakker, Andrew Allen and Adrian Buckley; and (iii) “SYSTEM AND METHOD OFRESPONDING TO A REQUEST IN A NETWORK ENVIRONMENT INCLUDING IMS”,application Ser. No. 12/240,381, filed on Sep. 29, 2008, in the name(s)of Jan John-Luc Bakker, Andrew Allen and Adrian Buckley; each of whichforegoing applications is hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present patent disclosure generally relates to message processing incommunications networks. More particularly, and not by way of anylimitation, the present patent disclosure is directed to a contentdisposition system and method for processing message bodies in adistributed environment, e.g., a network environment including anInternet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network.

BACKGROUND

Markup languages are being used in describing information relating tomessages implemented in communication protocols. In a networkenvironment where different entities communicate with each other usingmessage bodies in Markup languages that are extensible, it becomesimportant that the languages as well as any meta-structures used forunderstanding the language are compatible across the environment.Otherwise, significant interoperability issues leading to failure incommunication, unpredictable behavior, etc., for example, may arise.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the embodiments of the present patentdisclosure may be had by reference to the following Detailed Descriptionwhen taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary distributed network environment wherein oneor more embodiments of the present patent disclosure may be practiced;

FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of a User Equipment (UE) device accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram of a network node according oneembodiment;

FIG. 4 depicts an embodiment of a software architecture employed at anentity for processing communication protocol messages in an exemplarydistributed network environment, wherein the communication protocolmessages may include message bodies or documents in multiple versions;

FIG. 5A depicts the structure of an exemplary communication protocolmessage (e.g., a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message) having oneinitial line, one or more header fields, and a message body, where themessage body possibly includes multiple body parts;

FIGS. 5B and 5C depict exemplary message flows between two entities in adistributed environment wherein communication protocol messages havingmessage bodies are transmitted;

FIG. 5D depicts an exemplary set of different schemas for validatingExtensible Markup Language (XML) documents provided as message bodies incommunication protocol messages;

FIG. 6A depicts an embodiment of a method of negotiating schema anddocument version information relating to message bodies of acommunication protocol;

FIG. 6B depicts another embodiment of a method of negotiating schema anddocument version information relating to message bodies of acommunication protocol;

FIG. 6C depicts another embodiment of a method of negotiating schema anddocument version information relating to message bodies of acommunication protocol;

FIG. 6D depicts another embodiment of a method of negotiating schema anddocument version information relating to message bodies of acommunication protocol;

FIG. 7 depicts an embodiment of a method of message processing thatinvolves validation of versioned message bodies (or body parts);

FIG. 8 depicts an exemplary message flow diagram involving multipleentities where an intermediary node is operable to negotiate schemainformation with respect to upstream and downstream entities accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 depicts an exemplary implementation of a telecommunicationsservice (Emergency Services) according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIGS. 10A-10C depict various embodiments relating to a contentdisposition scheme for processing and/or interpreting the contents of amessage body; and

FIG. 11 is a block diagram that depicts additional details of anembodiment of a communications device operable for purposes of thepresent patent disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present patent disclosure is broadly directed to a contentdisposition system and method for processing message content in adistributed environment, wherein the message content may be provided inone or more versioned message bodies or body parts of a communicationprotocol. In the context of the present patent application, a “message”or “message body” may refer to one or more message bodies, which in turncan be equivalent to one or more body parts. In one aspect, anembodiment is directed to a method of interpreting contents of at leastone message body per message, wherein the contents correspond to acontent type. The claimed embodiment comprises one or more of thefollowing and is not necessarily limited thereto: receiving a messagefrom a sender by a recipient, the message including at least one messagebody content in the message's body; examining whether at least oneindicator is associated with the message; and responsive to theexamination, inhibiting a treatment of the at least one message bodycontent in the message's body and applying an alternative treatment withrespect to the at least one message body content in the message's body.

In another embodiment of the present patent disclosure, an apparatus isdisclosed for interpreting contents of at least one message body permessage, wherein the contents correspond to a content type. The claimedembodiment comprises one or more of the following and is not necessarilylimited to: a component associated with a recipient configured toreceive a message from a sender, the message including at least onemessage body content in the message's body; a component configured toexamine whether at least one indicator is associated with the message;and a component, operable responsive to the examination, configured toinhibit a treatment of the at least one message body content in themessage's body and for applying an alternative treatment with respect tothe at least one message body content in the message's body.

In certain other aspects, the present patent disclosure also disclosesthe following additional embodiments. A method is provided forprocessing message bodies of a communication protocol, wherein themessage bodies can exist in one or more versions. The claimed embodimentcomprises one or more of the following features and is not necessarilylimited to: receiving a communication protocol message from a sender bya recipient, the communication protocol message including a messagebody; examining an indicator (e.g., a content disposition indicator or acontent type indicator) associated with the communication protocolmessage (i.e., whether an indicator is present, and if so, the value orvalues it may have, etc.); and responsive to the examination, inhibitingrendering of the message body and invoking an alternative treatment withrespect to the message body's contents. In another embodiment, a methodis disclosed for facilitating processing of message bodies of acommunication protocol, wherein the message bodies can exist in one ormore versions. The claimed embodiment comprises one or more of thefollowing features and is not necessarily limited to: generating acommunication protocol message by a sender towards a recipient, thecommunication protocol message including a message body; and providingan indicator in the communication protocol message to indicate to therecipient a process treatment with respect to the message body'scontents. In a still further embodiment, an apparatus is disclosed forfacilitating processing of message bodies of a communication protocol,wherein the message bodies can exist in one or more versions. Theclaimed apparatus comprises one or more of the following features andnot necessarily limited to: a component associated with a senderconfigured to generate a communication protocol message towards arecipient, the communication protocol message including a message body;and a component associated with the sender configured to provide acontent disposition indicator in the communication protocol message toindicate to the recipient a process treatment with respect to themessage body's contents. In one or more embodiments set forth above, thecontent disposition indicator is operable in one implementation toidentify a process treatment that involves interpretation and/orexecution of a set of directives provided in the communication protocolmessage. In another implementation, the content disposition indicator isoperable to identify a process treatment that involves interpretationand/or execution of a script provided in the communication protocolmessage. In additional implementations, the content dispositionindicator is operable to identify a standards body specification, afunction, and/or an application for processing the message body'scontents, wherein the content disposition indicator may be provided in aheader field or a body of the communication protocol message.

The term “document” in the present patent disclosure can mean one of thefollowing depending on its context: a document can be the body of a SIPmessage (which can be a request or a response), or it can be a body partof a SIP message (request or response) (in the event the body containsmultiple parts), or it can be an XML schema document, or it can be a XMLinstance document (typically an instance of one or more XML schemadocument(s)). The term “schema version indicator” can indicate thefollowing: (i) none or one or more sets of documents supported by arecipient or none or one or more sets of documents within which thetransmitted document is an element; or (ii) none or one or more schemassupported by a recipient or none or one or more schemas by which thetransmitted document can be validated; or (iii) a combination of theabove.

A system and method of the present patent disclosure will now bedescribed with reference to various examples of how the embodiments canbest be made and used. Like reference numerals are used throughout thedescription and several views of the drawings to indicate like orcorresponding parts, wherein the various elements are not necessarilydrawn to scale. Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly toFIG. 1, an exemplary distributed environment 100 is depicted wherein oneor more embodiments of the present patent disclosure may be practicedfor managing schema version negotiation with respect to message bodies.At the outset, it should be realized that although the distributedenvironment 100 is exemplified as a telecommunications network, theembodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily limitedthereto and one or more aspects of the embodiments may be practiced inother distributed multi-node environments wherein entities or nodescommunicate with one another in suitable communication protocols havingversioned message bodies and message body types.

As depicted, the network environment 100 includes multiple entities ornodes, i.e., endpoints as well as entities intermediate therebetween,for purposes of effectuating various telecommunications services.Exemplary endpoints comprise User Equipment (UE) devices 102, 104 thatare coupled to a core network infrastructure 112 by means of suitableaccess networks 108, 110, respectively. Access networks 108, 110 maycollectively be deemed as an access space comprised of a number ofaccess technologies available to UE devices 102, 104. For purposes ofthe present disclosure, a UE device may be any tethered or untetheredcommunications device, and may include any personal computer (e.g.,desktops, laptops, palmtops, or handheld computing devices) equippedwith a suitable wireless modem or a mobile communications device (e.g.,cellular phones or data-enabled handheld devices capable of receivingand sending messages, web browsing, et cetera), or any enhanced PDAdevice or integrated information appliance capable of email, video mail,Internet access, corporate data access, messaging, calendaring andscheduling, information management, and the like. In one embodiment, aUE device may be capable of operating in multiple modes in that it canengage in both Circuit-Switched (CS) as well as Packet-Switched (PS)communications, and can transition from one mode of communications toanother mode of communications without loss of continuity. Furthermore,those skilled in the art will recognize that a wireless UE device maysometimes be treated as a combination of a separate mobile equipment(ME) device and an associated removable memory module. Accordingly, forpurposes of the present disclosure, the terms “wireless device” and “UEdevice”, which are broadly synonymous, are each treated asrepresentative of both ME devices alone as well as the combinations ofME devices with removable memory modules as applicable.

The access space comprising the access networks 108, 110 may include CSnetworks, PS networks, or both, which may involve wireless technologies,wireline technologies, broadband access technologies, etc. For example,wireless technologies may include Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM) networks and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)networks, as well as any 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)-compliant cellular network (e.g., 3GPP or 3GPP2). Broadbandaccess networks may include wireless local area networks or WLANs,Wi-MAX networks as well as fixed networks such as Digital SubscriberLine (DSL), cable broadband, etc. Thus, for purposes of the presentdisclosure, the access technologies may comprise radio accesstechnologies selected from IEEE 802.11a technology, IEEE 802.11btechnology, IEEE 802.11g technology, IEEE 802.11n technology, GSM/EDGERadio Access Network (GERAN) technology (both CS and PS domains), andUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) technology, andEvolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, and their successors such asLong Term Evolution (LTE), and so on. Additionally, the access networks108, 110 may also include the conventional wireline PSTN infrastructurein some implementations.

The network infrastructure 112 may comprise an IP Multimedia Subsystem(IMS) core layer as well as a services/applications layer. As is wellknown, the IMS core is defined by the standards set forth by the 3GPPbody that are designed to allow service providers manage a variety ofservices to be delivered via IP over any network type, wherein IP isused to transport both bearer traffic and Session Initiation Protocol(SIP)-based signaling traffic. Broadly, IMS is a framework for managingthe applications (i.e., services) and networks (i.e., access) that iscapable of providing multimedia services. IMS defines an “applicationserver” as a network element that delivers services subscribers use,e.g., voice call continuity (VCC), Push-To-Talk (PTT), PTT-over-Cellular(PoC), or other IMS Centralized Services (ICS) service, etc. IMS managesapplications by defining common control components that each applicationserver (AS), e.g., AS-1 120-1 through AS-N 120-N, is required to have,e.g., subscriber profiles, IMS mobility, network access, authentication,service authorization, charging and billing, inter-operator functions,and interoperation with the legacy phone network.

It should be understood that whereas IMS is defined by the 3GPPstandards body that mainly addresses GSM networks, another group, 3GPP2,is involved in defining a closely analogous architecture referred to asMultimedia Domain (MMD). MMD is basically an IMS for CDMA networks, andsince MMD and IMS are roughly equivalent, the term “IMS” may be used inthis present patent disclosure to refer collectively to both IMS and MMDwhere applicable. In addition, fixed network standards for NGN (NextGeneration Networks) that are based on and/or reuse IMS are also beingdeveloped by bodies such as ETSI TISPAN, Cablelabs and the ITU-T. NGNand IMS are roughly equivalent, and accordingly the term “IMS” may alsobe used in this present patent disclosure to refer collectively to bothIMS and NGN where applicable.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 1, reference numeral 106 refers to one ormore network nodes that comprise the core infrastructure. By way ofillustration, network node 106 may exemplify Proxy-Call Session ControlFunction (P-CSCF) nodes, Serving-CSCF or S-CSCF nodes,Interrogating-CSCF or I-CSCF nodes, Breakout Gateway Control Function(BGCF) nodes, Interconnection Border Control Function (IBCF) nodes,Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) nodes, Home Subscriber Server(HSS) nodes, and the like. As alluded to previously, these nodes as wellas the endpoint UE devices employ SIP as a communication protocol forsession control, i.e., setting up and tearing down communicationsessions. Accordingly, the network nodes and the UE devices maycollectively be referred to as “SIP entities”, or more generally,“communication protocol entities”, that engage in sending and receivingsuitable communication protocol messages (e.g., SIP messages) foreffectuating various services, e.g., VCC, PTT, PoC, Emergency Services,etc.

Each SIP entity is typically provided with a User Agent (UA) that mayoperate in two fashions: (i) User Agent Client (UAC) that generatesrequest messages towards servers; and (ii) User Agent Server (UAS) thatreceives request messages, processes them and generates suitableresponses. In some application scenarios, a single UA may function asboth at a SIP entity, e.g., a UE device or a network node. In the mostbasic form, SIP uses six types (methods) of requests:

-   -   INVITE: Indicates a user or service is being invited to        participate in a call session.    -   ACK: Confirms that the client has received a final response to        an INVITE request.    -   BYE: Terminates a call/session and can be sent by either the        caller or the callee.    -   CANCEL: Cancels any pending searches but does not terminate a        call/session that currently in progress.    -   OPTIONS: Queries the capabilities of servers.    -   REGISTER: Registers the address listed in the To: header field        with a SIP server.        As SIP can continue to evolve, a recipient may receive a method        of request that it does not recognize. Such a method of request        is handled as the UNKNOWN method of request. In response to        requests, SIP uses the following categories of responses:    -   1xx Informational Messages    -   2xx Successful Responses    -   3xx Redirection Responses    -   4xx Request Failure Responses    -   5xx Server Failure Responses    -   6xx General Failure Responses

SIP messages are typically provided with a standardized messagestructure. FIG. 5A depicts the structure of an exemplary communicationprotocol message (e.g., a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message)having one initial line, one or more header fields, and a message body,where the message body possibly includes multiple body parts. A commandline portion 502 identifies the initial line (e.g., a request line inrequests and a status line in responses). A header portion 504identifies one or more header fields 508-1 through 508-N that conveyvarious pieces of information. One or more message bodies 510-1 through510-M may be provided in a message body portion 506. As is well known, amessage body is operable to hold any content such as plain text, codedimages, or any information that may be rendered, e.g., in a MarkupLanguage such as XML, HTML, etc. Each message body (or body part) isdescribed using header fields such as, but not limited to,Content-Disposition, Content-Encoding, and Content-Type, etc., whichprovide information on its contents. Typically, the value of aContent-Type header field is a Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions(MIME) type. Furthermore, where a Markup Language is used for describingthe message contents, such a message body may also be referred to as adocument. Such a document conforms to a schema document. Each schema canproduce one or more document instances or documents or instances. Due tothe extensibility of the Markup Language, if the schema documentevolves, it is possible that the schema can produce additional or even adifferent set of document instances. The sets with instance documentsproduced by the various (evolved) schema documents can be identifiedwith tokens. In one embodiment, the set with instance documents may beidentified with the same token as the token identifying the evolvedschema document. In another embodiment, this token can be a digit, adecimal, a URN namespace, or a string of characters. In yet anotherembodiment, the set with schema documents may be identified with atoken. In a still further embodiment, the set with instance documentsmay be identified with a token.

SIP-based applications, including the session control applications forcommunications services implemented in a communications network such asthe network 100 shown in FIG. 1, increasingly rely on XML documents toexchange data and/or other information. In general, various SIP entitiesmay communicate with each other using XML documents as a common datainterchange language for effectuating communication sessions,Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Consumer (B2C) applications,etc. Additionally, technologies such as web servers, servlets, webapplications, web services, and the like also generally rely in somefashion on data organized according to the XML Specification.

XML is a subset of a family of Standardized General Markup Languages(SGML) and is standardized by the W3 Consortium. As such, XML is ahierarchical set of entities wherein an entity may contain one or moreelements. Each element comprises an opening label or tag, text, and aclosing label or tag. Typically, elements also contain one or moreattributes that operate to modify information contained in the elements.As a descriptive language to describe information or data passed betweennodes, XML is provided with certain syntax rules such as, e.g., (i) XMLdocuments must have a root element; (ii) XML elements must have aclosing tag; (iii) XML tags are case sensitive; (iv) XML elements mustbe properly nested and/or ordered; (v) XML attribute values must bequoted, and so on. An XML file with correct syntax is called a “wellformed” XML file. Because of extensibility (which allows any author todefine their own application-specific elements, attributes, etc.), anXML document may exist in multiple variations, yet a recipient may stillonly be configured to use a subset of elements and attributes present inthe various possible variations. To facilitate document compatibilitybetween multiple nodes, certain meta-level structure or “schema” that isrelevant to a particular document type is implemented at the transactingnodes. The various meta-level structures or “schemas” defining the setsof possible XML instance documents can be indicated. This indicator canbe used by the sending node of the transacting nodes to identify thesets the XML instance document is a member of. A receiving node of thetransacting nodes can use the indicator to identify another component(e.g., part of message body (or body part)-specific layer) that cansemantically and/or syntactically handle the received element of set ofXML documents it is known to handle.

An XML schema may therefore be thought of as a definition of thestructure, organization, and data types that are acceptable incorresponding XML documents. The XML schema further defines a set of XMLelements, XML element attributes, and organization among the XMLelements that is desired, whereby the XML schema serves as a vocabularyfor the XML elements. Furthermore, since the schemas themselves arebased on XML, they may also be extended and may exist in multipleversions. Because of extensibility (which allows any author to definetheir own application-specific elements, attributes, etc.), an XMLschema document identified using the same identifier or media type mayexist in multiple variations. To facilitate document compatibilitybetween multiple nodes, common/certain meta-level structure or “schema”that is relevant to a particular document type is implemented at thetransacting nodes. In some XML implementations, a Document TypeDefinition (DTD), XML Schema, NGRelax, or a Document Content Definition(DCD) or other XML schema, may be provided to define a set of rules withrespect to the meta-structure of an XML file. Another implementation isto provide an XML-based alternative (i.e., an XML schema) to DTDs, forexample, XML Schema, NGRelax, or other. The XML Schema language is alsosometimes referred to as XML Schema Definition (XSD). A component thatapplies a XML schema uses it typically for validating an XML document.Accordingly, a “valid” document is a “well formed” document which alsoconforms to the rules of a XML schema(s) that is/are supported by thetransacting nodes.

With respect to SIP messages in an IMS network environment, applicablestandards (e.g., 3GPP TS 24.229 “IP multimedia call control protocolbased on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session DescriptionProtocol (SDP)”; Stage 3 (Release 8)) provide that the MIME typeassociated with an XML message body is “application/3gpp-ims+xml”. Thestandards also provide that a SIP UA or proxy may insert or remove theXML message body or parts thereof as may be required in any SIP message.

Accordingly, XML bodies or documents in SIP messages may exist accordingto XML schemas with different versions. Typically, the XML schema used(or a compatible version) to generate the body or body part is alsoneeded by the recipient in order to validate the body or body part.Otherwise, as alluded to in the Background section of the present patentdisclosure, an invalid XML document may lead to unpredictable behavioror erroneous results with respect to a requested telecommunicationsservice. Furthermore, if a sender's XML message bodies are not acceptedby a recipient's validator due to a lack of compatibility (forward orbackward), significant interoperability issues can arise in thecommunications environment.

Referring now to FIG. 2, depicted therein is a block diagram of a UEdevice 200 according to an embodiment that is operable as a SIP entitycapable of transacting XML message bodies. One or more processingentities 202 are provided for the overall control of various processesexecutable on the device. A User Agent 204 is operable either as a UASor a UAC with respect to a communication protocol process such as a SIPprocess. Reference numeral 206 refers to an exemplary protocol processmodule. A validator 208 is operable to validate XML documents, forexample, received in a SIP message body. Validator 208 may also be usedto generate XML documents of a particular version and possibly include adocument version in the document. An application 210 is operable toexecute or invoke suitable software based on the contents of the XMLmessage documents. A dictionary and parser 212 may also be provided withrespect to message parsing. A message generator 214 operable inconjunction with applicable protocol processes is included that is alsocapable of providing an indicator such as, e.g., a schema versionindicator, in communication protocol messages generated towards anotherSIP entity as set forth below.

FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram of a network node 300 according to anembodiment that is operable as a SIP entity capable of transacting XMLmessage bodies. By way of illustration, the embodiment of network node300 is exemplary of any IMS infrastructure entity referred tohereinabove. One or more processing entities 304 are provided for theoverall control of various processes executed by the network node 306regardless of its architecture or proxy functionality. A suitabletransmit/receive (Tx/Rx) block 302 is operable to send or receivevarious communication protocol messages having XML documents in themessage bodies. A Back-to-Back User Agent (B2BUA) 310 is operable as aUAS or UAC with respect to a communication protocol process 312 such asa SIP process. A validator 314 is operable to validate XML documents,for example, received in a SIP message body from a sender or is capableof generating XML documents of one or more versions and possibly includea document version in the document. An application 320 is operable toexecute or invoke suitable software based on the contents of the XMLmessage documents. A dictionary and parser 316 may also be provided withrespect to message parsing. A message generator 318 operable inconjunction with applicable protocol processes is included that is alsocapable of providing an indicator (e.g., a schema version indicator) incommunication protocol messages generated towards another SIP entity asset forth below. Additional hardware 306 and local storage 308 isprovided to facilitate other functions relating to managing andnegotiating schema/document version information in message flows,potentially in both upstream and downstream directions of acommunication path.

FIG. 4 depicts an embodiment of a software architecture 400 employed atan entity (e.g., UE device 200 or network node 300) for processingcommunication protocol messages in an exemplary distributed networkenvironment wherein the communication protocol messages may includemessage documents in multiple versions. Upon receiving a communicationprotocol message from a sender, a suitable communication protocol layer402 controls the processing of the received message. After it isdetermined that the received message is a proper message in accordancewith the communication protocol architecture (e.g., validity of thecommand line, header fields, etc.), a message body (or bodypart)-specific layer 404 (e.g., based on the value of theContent-Disposition field, the default Content-Disposition for theContent-Type, the default Content-Disposition for the Content-Type whenreceived on the particular entity) is executed. For example, if themessage body (or body part)-specific layer is an XML layer consideringwell-formedness, validation can be executed. If there is an error atthis stage, the processing may quit gracefully, with or withoutalerting, or may take alternative course(s) of action depending on anyindications provided in the message itself or prior configuration. Anapplication-specific layer 406 is executed thereafter.

FIGS. 5B and 5C depict exemplary message flows between two entities in adistributed network environment wherein communication protocol messageshaving versioned message bodies (and/or according to versioned schemas)may be transmitted. In particular, reference numeral 500B in FIG. 5Brefers to a message flow between two network nodes such as a ServingCSCF node 522 and an AS node 524 with respect to a particular service. Arequest for SIP method 526 exemplified by a SIP REGISTER messageincluding a message body that may contain a versioned XML document inaccordance with the MIME type “application/3gpp-ims+xml”, where the MIMEtype (representing an XML document) can have a parameter conveying theXML schemas usable to validate the XML document. Reference numeral 500Cin FIG. 5C refers to a message flow between an endpoint (e.g., a UEdevice) 550 and a network node such as a Proxy CSCF node 556. Forpurposes of the present patent disclosure, a “SIP message” may mean arequest message or a response message depending on the context. A SIPINVITE request message is exemplary of a request 552 that includes anEmergency Services identifier to indicate that the UE device 550 intendsto initiate an emergency service call over the IMS network. A SIPresponse 554 from P-CSCF 556 may comprise a SIP 380 (AlternativeService) response including a message body. As can be appreciated by oneskilled in the art, in both message flow scenarios, if the recipient ofa message receives a message body document part of a set of messagebodies or according to a schema that is incompatible with the set ofmessage bodies supported by the recipient or cannot be validated by therecipient's validator (e.g., due to absence of the requisite schema),the service behavior will be compromised, leading to unexpected orerroneous results.

FIG. 5D depicts different schemas for validating documents. Referencenumerals 572-1 through 572-3 exemplify three documents, where eachdocument is a separate schema of the same type, e.g. MIME or contenttype: document 572-1 containing a schema of version X; document 572-2containing a schema of version Y; and document 572-3 containing a schemaof version Z. Instance documents, instances (e.g. XML documents) of thedocuments containing a schema (e.g. XML schema documents), may alsoindicate the version of the schema document according to the single MIMEtype that generated it: X, Y, or Z. Each instance document is part of aset with one or more instance documents generated by a single schemadocument of a particular version. Instance documents, instances (e.g.XML documents) of the documents containing a schema (e.g. XML schemadocuments), may also indicate the version of the schema documentaccording to the single MIME type that generated it: X, Y, or Z. Eachinstance document is part of a set with one or more instance documentsgenerated by a single schema document of a particular version. Instancedocuments including a version indicator “X”, i.e., XML documentinstances 574-1 to 574-N, can minimally be properly validated by theschema document 572-1. Likewise, instances of documents in version Y,i.e., document instances 576-1 to 576-M, can be properly validated bythe schema document 572-2. Document of version Z is exemplified as asingle instance 578 that may be validated by the schema document 572-3.An instance document including a version indicator “Y” may also beaccepted and validated by other schema documents as exemplified by theinstance document 576-M and the schema document 572-1.

FIG. 6A depicts an embodiment 600A of a method of negotiating schemaversion information relating to message bodies of a communicationprotocol. A sender generates a communication protocol message (e.g., aSIP request or a SIP response) towards a recipient (block 602). In onevariation, the communication protocol message may include a suitablemessage body (or body part(s)). The communication protocol messagefurther includes a schema version indicator (e.g., in the Accept headeror header field) or otherwise includes sufficient information toindicate which: (i) set of message bodies/body parts of a particularcontent type, or (ii) documents of a particular content type, the sendercan validate and accept for processing (block 604).

In one variation, absence of the schema version indicator may beinterpreted by the recipient as indicating that the sender can validateand accept a default set of message body (part) contents or documents ofa particular content type. Upon generating an initial INVITE request, aUE device is operable to indicate its support for the 3GPP IMS XML bodyin the Accept header field by including its MIME type as defined insubclause 7.6.1 of 3GPP TS 24.229. Optionally, a version parameter named‘sv’ or ‘schemaversion’ can be added, indicating the versions of the XMLSchema for the IM CN subsystem XML body supported. The syntax for theschemaversion parameter can be found elsewhere in the present document.If the ‘sv’ or ‘schemaversion’ parameter is absent, it shall be assumedthat the UE supports version 1 of the XML Schema for the IM CN subsystemXML body. If support for the 3GPP IMS XML body in the Accept headerfield is not indicated, it shall be assumed that the UE supports version1 of the XML Schema for the IM CN subsystem XML body.

FIG. 6B depicts another embodiment 600B of a method of negotiatingschema version information relating to message bodies of a communicationprotocol. A recipient receives a communication protocol message (e.g., aSIP request or a SIP response message) from a sender (block 610). In onevariation, the communication protocol message may include a suitablemessage body (or body part(s)). Responsive to the received communicationprotocol message, the recipient generates a response message towards thesender wherein the response message includes a document/schema versionindicator, one or more message body (or body part(s)), a type associatedwith the body part, to indicate which: (i) sets of message body/bodypart contents of a particular type the body or part is a member of, or(ii) versions of XML schema documents of a particular type that can beused to validate the message body (or body part) (block 612).Furthermore, the indicator can be used by the sender to identify anapplication layer component that may be used for processing theinformation.

Another embodiment 600C of a method of indicating schema versioninformation relating to message body (or body part(s)) of acommunication protocol message is set forth in FIG. 6C. A sendergenerates a communication protocol message (e.g., a SIP request or SIPresponse) towards a recipient (block 620). The communication protocolmessage further includes one or more message body (part(s)), a typeassociated with the message body, a schema version indicator (e.g. inthe Content-Type header field), to indicate which: (i) sets of messagebody (part) contents of a particular type the boy (part) is a member of,or (ii) versions of XML schema documents of a particular type can beused to validate the message body (part) (block 622). Furthermore, theindicator can be used by the recipient to identify an application layercomponent that may be used for processing the information.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that aspects of the embodimentsset forth above can be mixed and implemented in one or morecombinations. Furthermore, it should be realized that the negotiationmethodologies set forth above are dynamically executed, in the sensethat the negotiation process takes place between the entities while aservice is being invoked. As another alternative, FIG. 6D depicts anembodiment 600D of a method of negotiating schema version informationrelating to message bodies of a communication protocol wherein a look-upscheme may be employed. A database is populated with document/schemaversion capabilities of different elements of a communicationsenvironment, potentially in an initial discovery process with respect toa communication protocol (block 652). The database may be distributed,mirrored, localized at the endpoints, or centrally located within a coreportion of the communications environment. A recipient receives acommunication protocol message (e.g., a SIP message) from a sender(block 654), which may include a suitable message body (or body part).Responsive to the received communication protocol message, the recipientinterrogates the database to determine the document versions of aparticular type that the sender can accept or validate (block 656).Additionally or alternatively, the recipient may be able to determinebased on the interrogation as to the schema version that the senderuses. The sender's ability to convert documents of a particular versionto another version that is compatible with one or more downstream nodesmay also be interrogated. In a still further variation, a sender mayinterrogate the database prior to a transaction and determine the schemaand/or document capabilities of a recipient. Accordingly, the sender maydetermine to include only the documents of compatible versions withrespect to the recipient. As will be realized by one skilled in the art,the senders and recipients described herein and elsewhere in the patentdisclosure may be User Agents operating as UASs or UACs, as appropriate,that are executed on endpoints, network nodes, or both.

FIG. 7 depicts an embodiment 700 of a method of message processing thatinvolves validation of versioned message bodies. Upon engaging in anegotiation methodology as set forth above with respect to acommunication protocol messaging (block 702), a recipient receives acommunication protocol message from a sender (block 704). A protocolprocessor (including, e.g., a message parser) may process the commandlines and header fields (block 706), whereupon the content types(optionally including an indicator resolving to the one or more schemaversions that can be used to validate the body (part) or document setsin which the body (part) is an element) of various documents received inthe protocol message as body or bodies, are determined (block 708).Thereafter, the documents of each type may be validated by anappropriate schema processor/validator instantiated at the recipient orthe recipient can otherwise determine whether the received document canbe handled. Where an invalid document or a document that cannot behandled is received, a suitable alternative course of action (e.g., agraceful exit) may also be implemented instead of leading to undesirableresults such as, e.g., freeze-up of the recipient node. These actionsare consolidated as block 710.

Various implementational aspects with respect to the foregoingembodiments are set forth below in detail, especially in particularreference to the SIP-based messaging in 3GPP-compliant IMS networkenvironments. As alluded to previously, applicable 3GPP standardsprovide for a MIME type, “application/3gpp-ims+xml”, that may beassociated with one or more set(s) of XML instance documents orcorresponding XML schema. As the XML message bodies may be extended toinclude new elements and/or attributes, or may be changed such thatelements and/or attributes are redefined, the various SIP UA entitiesinteracting within an IMS environment may not be compatible with oneanother. In addition, the UA entities may wish to indicate their supportfor different 3GPP IMS XML bodies or documents. In one scenario, wherean existing XML body is extended to include new elements/attributes, arecipient may still be able to process some of the XML, skipping perhapsover unknown elements and/or attributes (as an example of forwardcompatibility). The same treatment may also be applied where an existingXML body is changed such that the elements/attributes are redefined. Inthis scenario, the redefined elements and/or attributes may simply beignored during validation. Alternatively or additionally, the recipientmay be provided with the capability to signal back to the sender thatthe recipient does not understand the received XML document(s) (e.g., bymeans of a SIP 415 message (Unacceptable Content-Type) with thesupported MIME types and optionally their schema version indicatorslisted in the SIP Accept header field). Those skilled in the art willrecognize that several implementational choices exist with respect tohow a SIP UA or proxy that receives such a response signal should treatit, whether the response signal should be stored, and if so, where andfor how long, etc.

Forward compatibility among several versions may be achieved by placingcertain code or instructions that have the effect of allowing additionalelements, attributes, or both without causing the recipient's XMLvalidator to declare the XML document instance invalid. In oneembodiment, the following code portion may be inserted:

-   -   <xs:any namespace=“##any”    -   processContents=“lax”    -   minOccurs=“0”    -   maxOccurs=“unbounded”/>        However, not all XML processors or validators may support        randomly placing the “xs:any” line mentioned above. To increase        compatibility with XML validators, one exemplary embodiment        provides that the “xs:any” line is placed as the last line of        the definition of any complexType, group, etc. Accordingly, any        new elements in updated XML schema are inserted just above the        aforesaid code portion. Forward compatibility can also be        achieved by placing “<xs:anyAttribute/>” or similar lines that        have the effect of allowing additional attributes without        causing the XML validator to declare the XML document instance        invalid.

An exemplary construct that is consistent with respect to variousapplicable schema version compatibility issues is set forth below inTable 1.

TABLE 1 <xs:schema xmlns:xs=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema”elementFormDefault=“qualified” attributeFormDefault=“unqualified”version=“1”> <xs:complexType name=“tIMS3GPP”> [..] <xs:elementname=“ims-3gpp” type=“tIMS3GPP”> <xs:attribute name=“version”type=“allowedVersionValues” use=“required”/> </xs:element><xs:simpleType name=‘allowedVersionValues’> <xs:restrictionbase=‘xs:decimal’> <xs:pattern value=‘1|1\.[0-9]|1\.[1-9][0- 9]’/></xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> </xs:schema>

Another possible realization of an XML schema construct is set forthbelow in Tables 2A and 2B.

TABLE 2A <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?> <xs:schemaxmlns:xs=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema”elementFormDefault=“qualified” attributeFormDefault=“unqualified”version=“1”> <xs:complexType name=“tIMS3GPP”> <xs:sequence> <xs:choice><xs:element name=“alternative-service” type=“tAlternativeService”/><xs:element name=“service-info” type=“xs:string”/> </xs:choice> <xs:anynamespace=“##any” processContents=“lax” minOccurs=“0”maxOccurs=“unbounded”/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name=“version”type=“allowedVersionValues” use=“required”/> <xs:anyAttribute/></xs:complexType> <xs:simpleType name=‘allowedVersionValues’><xs:restriction base=‘xs:decimal’> <xs:patternvalue=‘1|1\.[0-9]|1\.[1-9][0- 9]’/> </xs:restriction>

TABLE 2B </xs:simpleType> </xs:choice> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexTypename=“tAlternativeService”> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name=“type”type=“tType”/> <xs:element name=“reason” type=“xs:string”/> <xs:anynamespace=“##any” processContents=“lax” minOccurs=“0”maxOccurs=“unbounded”/> </xs:sequence> <xs:anyAttribute/></xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name=“tType”> <xs:sequence><xs:element name=“emergency” minOccurs=“0” maxOccurs=“1”><xs:complexType/> </xs:element> <xs:any namespace=“##any”processContents=“lax” minOccurs=“0” maxOccurs=“unbounded”/></xs:sequence> <xs:anyAttribute/> </xs:complexType> <xs:elementname=“ims-3gpp” type=“tIMS3GPP”/> </xs:schema>

The root element of the 3GPP IMS XML schema as embodied in Tables 2A and2B is described as follows: <ims-3gpp>: This is the root element of the3GPP IMS XML body. It shall always be present. The XML Schema versiondescribed in the present document is 1. XML instance documents of futureversions of the XML Schema that is defined in Tables 2A and 2B, wherethe XML Schema version attribute part of the xs:schema element is lessthan 2 and more than or equal to 1, shall be valid against the XMLSchema that is defined in Tables 2A and 2B in this document. XMLinstance documents of the XML Schema that is defined in Tables 2A and 2Bin the present document shall have a version attribute value, part ofthe ims-3gpp element, that is equal to the value of the XML Schemaversion described in the present document.

In another representation, an XML schema's version attribute orparameter may be optional, wherein an appropriate default value may beassigned. In both cases, i.e., where the schema's version attribute isset to default and where the schema's version attribute is set to apredefined value that may be coded in a number of ways, the schemaValuein an XML instance document may be provided to match the versionattribute of the XML schema from which the document instance is derived.

As alluded to previously, any UA is allowed to add and modify the XMLdocuments. Accordingly, it is advantageous for the UA entities to knowacceptable XML schemas and their versions. According to one embodiment,certain indications may be provided to indicate version numbers or arange of version numbers, descriptor technology (such as XML), and rootelement name. The MIME type may be extended, for example, to includesuch information: “application/3gpp-ims+xml;sv=1-1.99”, where “sv”stands for schema version and the hyphen denotes a range in versionvalues. In addition, a single value may be provided to indicate supportfor a single schema version and a comma-separated list may be providedto indicate specific schema versions as enumerated and separated bycommas. Such a string may be placed in a suitable SIP message header,including but not limited to the Accept header field, Record-Routeheader field, etc. Other new header fields may also be defined (e.g.,P-header) whereby each UA entity may insert its XML document handlingcapabilities and/or compatibilities. Additionally, where multiple UAentities may be involved in a signaling path, each entity could supportdifferent XML schemas. In such a multi-node scenario, a function element(fe) name may also be provided to identify the node (e.g., P-CSCF,S-CSCF, UE, AS, and so on) in multiple Accept headers as set forth inthe following example:

-   -   “application/3gpp-ims+xml;sv=1-1.99;fe=ue,as,s-cscf”.

A general syntax for signaling XML document handling capabilities in amulti-node scenario is as follows:

-   Functions=<fe name1 token>, <fe name2 token> . . . <fe nameN token>

Additional rules may also be provided depending on implementation. Forinstance, absence of an IMS functional element (if e) token may meanthat the XML schema version and document instance information providedin the header is applicable to any downstream node. Likewise, absence ofthe sv parameter may mean that any schema version is applied oracceptable. Alternatively, absence of the sv parameter may mean that adefault version, e.g., version “1”, is applied or is acceptable. Itshould be apparent that token names other than “sv” or “if e” may alsobe used as long as all the nodes, e.g., originators or senders,recipients or terminators, and intermediary nodes, are aware of thenomenclature, functionality, syntax and the rules associated therewith.Set forth is an example of an sv token having discrete numbers as wellas ranges to indicate supportability of various schema versions:

-   -   sv=1-2,10-12,14,16        The foregoing example indicates that schema versions 1 and        (inclusive), 10 through 12 (inclusive) are supported as well as        versions 14 and 16. Since an XML body document may be included        upstream also, it may be that a receiving UA (in a Back-to-Back        User Agent or B2BUA configuration) or proxy wishes to use a        non-provisional SIP message to indicate its support of certain        XML schemas.

Alternatively, in case of not supporting the required version number,the receiving UA may wish to indicate such information in a SIP errormessage. If the sender receives a non-provisional SIP response, it mayfollow up with a SIP request such as a CANCEL request, optionallyincluding the reason for such an action.

A further example of an sv token in an Accept header is as follows:

-   -   Accept:        application/3gpp-ims+xml;sv=“1,1.1”;ife=“ue,p-cscf,s-cscf,as, .        . . ”        The foregoing example would enable different SIP UA entities        involved, if needed, to populate the Accept header (e.g., in an        INVITE message) with all their schema versions for the MIME type        “application/3gpp-ims+xml”. Set forth below are examples of        Accept header formats in accordance with known standards (e.g.,        RFC 2616 and RFC 3261) that may be used for properly encoding        the sv and ife tokens.

TABLE 3 Accept = “Accept” “:” #( media-range [ accept-params ] )media-range = ( “*/*” | ( type “/” “*” ) | ( type “/” subtype ) ) *( “;”parameter ) accept-params = “;” “q” “=” qvalue *( accept- extension )accept-extension = “;” token [ “=” ( token | quoted- string ) ]

TABLE 4 Accept = “Accept” HCOLON [ accept-range *(COMMA accept-range) ]accept-range = media-range *(SEMI accept-param) media-range = ( “*/*” /( m-type SLASH “*” ) / ( m-type SLASH m-subtype ) ) *( SEMI m-parameter) accept-param = (“q” EQUAL qvalue) / generic-param qvalue = ( “0” [ “.”0*3DIGIT ] ) / ( “1” [ “.” 0*3(“0”) ] ) generic-param = token [ EQUALgen-value ] gen-value = token / host / quoted-string m-parameter =m-attribute EQUAL m-value m-attribute = token m-value = token /quoted-string

Yet another possible realization of an XML schema construct is set forthbelow in Table 5. The application/3gpp-ims+xml MIME type, used in theAccept header field according to subclause 5.1.3.1 of 3GPP TS 24.229, isextended to include specific version information needed for IM CNsubsystem functional entities. If the parameter is absent, it shall beassumed that the UA originating the SIP method with the Accept headersupports version 1 of the XML Schema for the IM CN subsystem XML body.The sv or schemaversion parameter has the syntax described in Table 5.The media-range component has been copied from IETF RFC 3261 forconvenience. The sv or schemaversion parameter is an instance ofm-parameter from the current media-range component of Accept header,where m-type is application and m-sub-type is 3gpp-ims+xml. If the sv orschemaversion parameter is set to ‘none’, the UA originating the SIPmethod indicates it does not find the “application/3gpp-ims+xml” MIMEtype acceptable. Table 5 shows a possible Syntax of the “sv” or“schemaversion” parameter for the “application/3gpp-ims+xml” MIME type:

TABLE 5 media-range = ( “*/*” / ( m-type SLASH “*” ) / ( m-type SLASHm-subtype ) ) *( SEMI m-parameter ) schemaVersion = ( “schemaversion” /“sv” ) “=” “none” / [schemaversions *(COMMA schemaversions)]schemaversions = token / ( DIGIT [ “.” 0*2DIGIT ] [ “-” (DIGIT [ “.”0*2DIGIT ] ) ] )

As set forth in the foregoing examples, the sv token or parameter can beprovided with discrete numerical values that are comma-separated as wellas ranges of numbers or digits that have the advantage of beingsequential in specifying a schema version. In addition, the sv token maytake on values provided as, but not limited to, textual strings,characters, alphanumerical sequences, and the like. Additionalinformation may also be provided in the SIP message header fields toindicate further directives that can be executed at the level of acommunication protocol processing layer. By way of illustration, areceiving UA may conclude upon inspecting the Accept header which UAroles or even UAs or functional elements support what types of content.In one implementation, any receiving UA inserting XML content typedocument instance(s) may be able to insert a directive to direct adownstream element to process one or more XML content type documents.Additional directives may include, but not limited to, the following:“remove after processing”, “pass along if don't understand”, “mustunderstand” or “ok to remove”, and the like. Directives maybe coded astextual strings or binary values, as exemplified below:

Remove after processing 00 Pass along if don't understand 01 Mustunderstand 10 Ok to remove 11It must be recognized that the above is just one illustrative exampleand the ordering of the directives could be any and could be coded asany number of bits.

One suitable information element to include such information may be aURI or MIME parameter, preferably in a textual string representation. Inanother alternative, such directives may also be encoded within themessage body or within a message body part. In another alternative, theinformation may be represented as an additional body part if multiplebody parts are supported, e.g., encoded in some body part withdirectives referencing other body parts. For instance, therepresentations may be encoded in XML and for each XML schema thatexists per receiving node. In a still further alternative embodiment,the directives per receiving node may be placed per body (or body part)in the Content-Type header field used in the returned SIP messages foridentifying the contents. Following is a high-level structure for such arepresentation:

-   -   <<Begin SIP message and header fields        -   Including Content-Type header field+optional parameters            including zero or more of directives, schemaversions, or            other parameters        -   if multi-part/*MIME bodies are supported and multiple body            parts are included, parameters including zero or more of            directives, schemaversions, or other parameters    -   End SIP message>>

Another alternative encoding for sv values may also be provided usingname spaces. By way of illustration, XML schema versioning in a PoCservice is set forth in the following example to demonstrate the use ofname spaces for signaling the sv information.

-   -   Accept: application/poc-settings+xml;    -   sv=“urn:oma:params:xml:ns:poc:poc-settings,        urn:oma:xml:poc:poc2.0-settings”        Basically, the token named “sv” in the above example may be        replaced with a token named “ns” to indicate that a list of one        or more XML namespace identifiers follows with quotes and        separated by commas. Further, a similar approach may also be        used for other service-specific UA entities, e.g., UAs with        respect to Voice Call Continuity (VCC), IMS Centralized Services        (ICS), IMS Session Continuity (ISC), etc.

In addition to conveying SIP level message directives, variousattributes may also be transmitted that define a handling capabilitywith respect to the XML documents on a per node basis. That is, theattribute information may be used to indicate allowable behavior foreach identified SIP UA or proxy element by way of a policy managementmechanism that is executed in association with an XML validator. Thefollowing policies are illustrative: (i) ok to ignore, continue withprocessing message document, drop element; (ii) mandatory to understand,reject message document if don't understand; (iii) mandatory to pass on,no processing is required if not understood; and so on. The behaviorpolicies may be extended to indicate node-specific behavior at eachreceiving node, e.g., (i) UE requirements; (ii) P-CSCF requirements;(iii) S-CSCF requirements; (iv) Service requirements (e.g., ICSIdentifier or ICSI information), and so on.

As set forth above in reference to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6C, analternative mechanism to signal the schema version and document setversion information may involve accessing a database configured with theversion support capabilities on per node basis. The database may beaccessible to any node in the IMS network. Furthermore, the location ofthe database may be provided to the nodes via any suitable mechanism(e.g., a mechanism based on RFC 4483). A Uniform Resource Locator (URL)identifying the location of the database may be provided in a messagethat node can use to access the database. Also, the database could be ina single node or spread across multiple nodes in a distributed databasearchitecture.

An exemplary syntax structure of the sv or schemaversion parameter isprovided below in Table 6:

TABLE 6 m-parameter /= (“sv” / “schemaversion”) EQUAL LDQUOT [sv-value-list ] RDQUOT sv-value-list = sv-value-range *( “,” sv-value )sv-value-range = sv-value [ “-” sv-value ] sv-value = number / tokennumber = 1*DIGIT [ “.” 1*DIGIT ]The sv syntax shown above (in Backus-Naur Format or BNF form) may beused to convey various types of values (digits, strings, etc.) in orderto indicate: (i) the versions of the 3GPP IMS XML schema that can beused to validate the 3GPP IMS XML bodies, if the MIME type and parameterare present in the Content-Type header, and (ii) the accepted versionsof the 3GPP IMS XML bodies, if the MIME type and parameter are presentin the Accept header. As alluded to before, default rules may applywhere the sv or schemaversion parameter or when the sv or schemaversionparameter is absent. In one embodiment, if the sv or schemaversionparameter is absent it is to be understood that a certain version or setof versions is supported, e.g. version 1. In another embodiment, if MIMEtype (e.g. “application/3gpp-ims+xml”) is absent and the correspondingsv or schemaversion parameter are absent, it is to be understood that acertain version or set of versions of the MIME type (e.g.“application/3gpp-ims+xml”) are acceptable anyway, e.g. version 1. Inyet another embodiment, if the sv or schemaversion parameter value isabsent it is to be understood that no version or set of versions of theMIME type is supported. The latter feature may be advantageous in caseswhere even if the corresponding MIME type (e.g.“application/3gpp-ims+xml”) is absent, the recipient is to understandthat the MIME type and a default value for the version parameter areacceptable regardless. In this case, a sender can use a SIP header field(e.g. the Accept header field) to indicate explicitly that a MIME typeand any of its versions are not acceptable.

As one skilled in the art will recognize, the MIME type and itsparameters may need to be registered with a suitable registrationauthority (i.e., a registrar) such as, e.g., the Internet AssignedNumbers Authority or IANA. Set forth below is an exemplary template thatcan be used for registration purposes:

-   -   MIME media type name: application    -   MIME subtype name: 3gpp-ims+xml    -   Required parameters: none    -   Optional parameters: “sv” or “schemaversion”        The foregoing registration entry may include sv syntax shown        above in Table 5 in the Augmented BNF (ABNF) form.

Referring now to FIG. 8, shown therein is an exemplary message flowdiagram 800 involving multiple SIP entities wherein an intermediary nodeis operable to negotiate schema and document version information withrespect to upstream and downstream entities according to an embodimentof the present disclosure. UA1 802 is an originator or sender of arequest ultimately directed to UA2 806 operating as a recipient. A B2BUA804 (e.g., a border gateway node such a BGCF or IBCF) is operable as anintermediary node. UA1 802 generates a SIP INVITE request 808 with itsAccept header set to:

-   -   application/3gpp-ims+xml;sv=“1,1.1”;ife=“ua1”        The intermediary node 804 intercepts the INVITE 808 and modifies        the Accept header and generates a new INVITE request 810 towards        UA2 806. The modified Accept header now includes the following:    -   application/3gpp-ims+xml;sv=“1,1.1,2.5”;ife=“ua1”,        -   application/3gpp-ims+xml;sv=“2.5”;ife=b2bua”            In essence, by modifying the Accept header information as            set forth above, the intermediary node 804 conveys that it            is operable to convert or otherwise convey the            application/3gpp-ims+xml content compliant with schema            version 2.5 that is destined to UA1 (on upstream path) into            the XML content that is compatible with schema version 1 or            1.1 supported by UA1 802 (insofar as possible; on the other            hand, where it is not possible, the unconvertible            information may be signaled otherwise). In addition, the            intermediary node 804 also signals that it is operable to            accept the application/3gpp-ims+xml content according to            schema version 2.5 that is destined to the B2BUA. Suitable            response messages are 812 and 814 are propagated back on the            return path, which messages may or may not include any            documents such as those with content-type            “application/3gpp-ims+xml” as SIP body or body part(s).

It should be realized that where some of the current versions of the3GPP standard (i.e., Release 5, Release 6, Release 7 and Release 8 of3GPP TS 24.229) do not make a provision for UAs to include the“application/3gpp-ims+xml” MIME type explicitly in the Accept header,additional variations may need to be implemented. In order to preventmodification of the deployed Release 5/6/7/8-compliant UAs and requirethe insertion of “*/*” or “application/*” or “application/3gpp-ims+xml”,additional embodiments of the present disclosure provide that a specialversion indicator (e.g., absence of a version in the schemaversion or svparameter's value: application/3gpp-ims+xml;sv=“ ”) or token (e.g.,“none”) can be reserved to indicate that the content of the aforesaidMIME type is not acceptable by the UA originating the SIP method. Thespecial version token may also be used to signify that absence of “*/*”,“application/*” or “application/3gpp-ims+xml”, or absence of the “sv” or“schemaversion” parameter while the “application/3gpp-ims+xml” MIME typeis present, indicates supportability and application of a defaultversion (e.g., schema version 1 relating to the aforesaid MIME type).

FIG. 9 depicts an exemplary implementation of a telecommunicationsservice such as, e.g., an Emergency Services (ES) call, over an IMSnetwork with SIP messaging. As can be appreciated by one skilled in theart, when a UE device wants to make an ES call over the IMS network, theP-CSCF node (typically the first IMS node that the UE device interactswith) may not allow the ES call for a number of reasons. For example,making an ES call over an IP network may be prohibited by the regulatoryauthorities in a region or country where only ES calls over aconventional CS network are mandated. In some instances, IP-based EScalls can be very expensive and, in addition, there may not becarrier-grade reliability with respect to such calls. In still furtherscenarios, even where an IP-based ES call is allowed, the IMS networkmay want to route the call over a different IP network rather thanhandling it itself. Regardless of the reasons, when different versionsof XML message bodies and/or XML schemas are used by the variousentities, i.e., the UE device, P-CSCF, etc., with respect to setting upthe ES call, there is a possibility that such message bodies or schemasare not compatible, thereby resulting in unpredictable behavior. Notonly may the intended ES call not be completed, the requesting UE devicemay not receive any alert or indication as to any possible alternativecourse(s) of action.

In the exemplary scheme 900 shown in FIG. 9, the SIP entities areprovided with the capability of negotiating version information and ofsignaling alternative courses of action where needed. Accordingly, whenthe UE device makes a service request to an IMS node (i.e., the P-CSCFnode) to effectuate an ES call via the IP network (block 902), the IMSnode is adapted to process the incoming request and execute appropriateservice logic to generate a response message that the ES call via therequested network may not be established (block 904). The IMS node isalso adapted to provide an indication to the UE device (e.g., via theresponse message) to effectuate the ES call over an alternative network(e.g., a different IP network) and may include applicable routinginformation (block 906). In another alternative, the IMS node may beadapted to provide an indication to the UE device that the ES call is tobe effectuated over a conventional CS network, which may again includeappropriate routing information (block 908). Alternatively oradditionally, the IMS node may also provide an alert and/or indicationto the UE device that the requested ES call cannot be completed, wherebya graceful exit may be facilitated, including, e.g., a cause code ortextual reason encoded as part of the response message as to whether orwhy an alternative service is suggested by the network (block 910).Further, responsive to the indications included in the response messageor due to a local default procedure, the UE device may also interrogatea database (again, either locally provisioned within the UE device orremotely provisioned in the network environment) to obtain appropriateID and/or routing information with respect to setting up the ES callover the alternative network.

SIP messaging including XML bodies that is typically implemented in anIMS network environment also involves provisioning a Content-Dispositionheader field in the messages, for example, as alluded to previously. TheContent-Disposition header field describes how the message body or, formultipart messages, a message body part is to be interpreted by a UAC orUAS. Various “disposition-types” of the Content-Disposition header aredefined for SIP and registered by the IANA. The value “session”indicates that the body part describes a session, for either calls orearly (pre-call) media. The value “render” indicates that the body partshould be displayed or otherwise rendered to the user. The dispositiontype “icon” indicates that the body part contains an image suitable asan iconic representation of the caller or callee that could be renderedinformationally by a UA entity when a message has been received, orpersistently while a dialog takes place. The value “alert” indicatesthat the body part contains information, such as an audio clip, thatshould be rendered by the UA entity in an attempt to alert the user tothe receipt of a request, generally a request that initiates a dialog.

If the Content-Disposition header field is missing in a SIP message,according to RFC 2161, a default value of “render” may be implemented bythe server in order to facilitate compatibility, although the MIME typemay determine the default content disposition in certain applications.Also, where there is no MIME type, the default of “render” is typicallyimplemented. Relatedly, a “handling” parameter, handling-param,describes how a UAS should react if it receives a message body whosecontent type or disposition type it does not understand. Conventionally,the handling parameter has defined values of “optional” and “required”.

Although the foregoing rules regarding content disposition may besufficient in some SIP applications, several issues emerge where theMIME type is “application/3gpp-ims+xml”. For example, the defaultcontent disposition of rendering is unsuitable with respect to such MIMEtypes. By way of illustration in an ES call scenario described above, ifa SIP 380 (Alternative Service) response is provided to indicate analternative service via an XML body to the requesting UE device, thedefault disposition of rendering such content is meaningless.Accordingly, further embodiments of the present patent disclosureprovide a mechanism for signaling appropriate content dispositionwhereby rendering is avoided and an appropriate disposition is realizedor an appropriate application is invoked by the recipient for processingthe contents of a message body. Further, the content dispositionsignaling mechanism may be modulated to vary the disposition proceduresbased on the functionality of a recipient. In other words, a receivingUE device may engage in a disposition behavior that is different fromthe disposition behavior of a receiving network node.

FIGS. 10A-10C depict various embodiments relating to a contentdisposition scheme for processing and/or interpreting the contents of atleast one message body per message, wherein a message body content has acorresponding content type. Reference numeral 1000A in FIG. 10A refersto an exemplary process at a recipient. Upon receiving a message (e.g.,a SIP or HTTP message) from a sender (block 1002), an examination takesplace with respect to the received message (e.g., a message body or bodypart) to determine whether there is an indicator (e.g., a contentdisposition indicator), its values, etc. (block 1004). Responsive to theexamination, a default (e.g., a default disposition when theContent-Disposition header is absent) or even an explicitly signaledtreatment is inhibited with respect to the contents of the receivedmessage. The examination may also indicate ambiguous treatments in somecases. An alternative treatment may be determined (e.g., explicitlysignaled in the message (either in a header or within the message body)or configured in the recipient) that the recipient can effectuate forprocessing the message contents. This determination may be furthermodified to indicate different dispositions based on the functionalityor role of the receiving entity, the context of the received message,any directives included in the body or other headers, and so on. Thesefunctions are exemplified in block 1006.

FIG. 10B depicts an embodiment 1000B wherein a content type indicator isused for determining appropriate disposition at a recipient. Uponreceiving a communication protocol message (e.g., a SIP or HTTP message)from a sender (block 1010), an examination takes place with respect tothe received message (e.g., a message body or body part) to determinewhether there is a content type indicator, its values, etc. (block1012). Responsive to the examination, a treatment may be implemented bythe recipient, possibly based on the functionality or role of thereceiving entity, the context of the received message, any directivesincluded in the body or other headers, and so on (block 1014). Again,the content type indicator may be signaled in the message (either in aheader or within the message body) or via a separate mechanism.

FIG. 10C depicts an embodiment 1000C wherein a determination is based onthe absence of a Content-Disposition header. Upon receiving acommunication protocol message (e.g., a SIP or HTTP message) from asender (block 1020), a determination is made if the received message hasno Content-Disposition header. Alternatively, if the Content-Dispositionheader is present, a further determination may be made as to whether itis an empty field. If so, a Content-Type header field is examined. Theseprocesses are set forth in block 1022. Responsive to the examination, adefault treatment is inhibited with respect to the contents of thereceived message. An alternative disposition treatment may beimplemented by the recipient for processing the message contents,possibly based on the functionality or role of the receiving entity, thecontext of the received message, any directives included in the body orother headers, and so on (block 1024).

Those skilled in the art will recognize that appropriate messagegeneration processes take place at sender entities with respect tocontent disposition signaling, which are essentially counterparts to theembodiments set forth above. That is, SIP messages may be generated bysenders that include but not limited to suitable content dispositionand/or content type indicators, applicable values forContent-Disposition and/or Content-Type header fields, and so on.Additional implementational aspects with respect to the foregoingembodiments are set forth below in detail, again taking particularreference to the SIP-based messaging in 3GPP-compliant IMS networkenvironments for effectuating certain services (e.g., ES calls). Asalluded to previously, content according to a particular content typemay be added to SIP messages in both directions, i.e., upstream as wellas downstream directions. For instance, upstream SIP messages mayindicate which MIME types are acceptable using an indicator, e.g., in anAccept header field. If an Accept header field is received by arecipient that contains indications of unsupported content types, asuitable response such as, e.g., a SIP 406 (Not Acceptable) or a SIP 415(Unsupported Media Type) response, may be generated. Specifically, inthe context of IMS, content with the MIME type“application/3gpp-ims+xml” can be sent upstream between an S-CSCF nodeand an AS node or downstream between a P-CSCF node and a UE device. Asfurther discussed previously, SIP entities may insert or remove the XMLmessage body or parts thereof in either direction. Accordingly, itbecomes important that appropriate information be provided in the headerfields of SIP messages, e.g., Accept, Content-Disposition, Content-Type,etc., in addition to signaling suitable XML schema and/or documentversion information so that the message bodies are not only validatedbut also properly processed.

In one implementation, a lack of explicit version support in the Acceptheader field may mean that the SIP UA node accepts the lowest version ofany MIME type supported either upstream or downstream. On the otherhand, if the UA node supports a higher version of the MIME type, it mayindicate its support in the Accept header accordingly. In some cases aUAS expects that a UAC can handle certain content types. For example, aP-CSCF node may expect a UE device to accept the content of MIME type“application/3gpp-ims+xml” in case of a non-UE detectable EmergencySession. If the MIME type “application/3gpp-ims+xml” (and its version)is not signaled in the Accept header field, certain interoperabilityissues can arise. Accordingly, in one scenario, when the P-CSCF noderesponds with an indication that the CS domain is to be used for makingan ES call, assuming that the UE device that will receive the SIP 380(Alternative Service) response message accepts version 1 of the MIMEtype compliant with the 3GPP TS 24.229 standard, the P-CSCF node mayinclude in the SIP 380 (Alternative Service) response the followingindications or settings: a Content-Type header field having the valueset to indicate the compliant MIME type; a Content-Disposition headerfield set to a value associated with the body's or body part's contenttype and the expected handling in the recipient and the associatedhandling parameter set to “required”. Further, the P-CSCF node may alsoinclude the following in the XML message body: (i) an<alternative-service> element, set to the applicable parameters of thealternative service; (ii) a <type> child element, set to “emergency” toindicate that it is an ES call; and (iii) a <reason> child element, setto an operator configurable reason.

Additionally, a P-CSCF node can handle emergency session establishmentwithin a non-emergency registration scenario. Accordingly, in anotherimplementation, when the P-CSCF node responds with an indication that anemergency registration is required, assuming as before that the UEdevice that will receive the SIP 380 (Alternative Service) responsemessage accepts version 1 of the MIME type compliant with the 3GPP TS24.229 standard, the P-CSCF node may include in the SIP 380 response thefollowing indications or settings: a Content-Type header field havingthe value set to indicate the a value associated with the body's or bodypart's content type and the expected handling in the recipient. Further,the P-CSCF node may also include the following in the XML message body:(i) an <alternative-service> element, set to the applicable parametersof the alternative service; (ii) a <type> child element, set to“emergency” to indicate that it is an ES call; (iii) an <action> childelement, set to “emergency-registration” to indicate that emergencyregistration is required; and (iv) a <reason> child element, set to anoperator configurable reason. It should be noted that the <action>element is used in this implementation only to indicate to the UE devicethat emergency registration is required. In other contexts, the use ofan <action> element may be optional. Also, the SIP 380 (AlternativeService) response message in this implementation may only be sent if theP-CSCF node received an explicit indication from the UE device that itis an emergency session, e.g., by providing the emergency service'sUniform Resource Name (URN) (per RFC 5031) in the Request-URI.

It should be further noted that absence of version values following the“sv” or “schemaversion” attribute or having the explicit indicator orvalue representing “none” for the “sv” or “schemaversion” attribute orthe m-parameter may mean signaling by a UA entity (e.g., the UE device)that it does not accept any version of the IMS XML body that iscompliant with the 3GPP TS 24.229 standard. As described in detailpreviously, XML schema version values may be signaled in a number ofways (e.g., comma-separated digits, ranges of digits, text strings etc.)where the compliant MIME type is added to the Accept header field. Ifthe MIME type is added to the Content-Type header field, the value orvalues can be used by the XML validator to identify the XML schema andits version needed against which a message body can be validated. On theother hand, XML documents that do not have version attributes for thispurpose may be provided with a defined namespace. In specific referenceto the SIP 380 (Alternative Service) response, if the contents of the380 (Alternative Service) response are not understood by a recipient, anACK message may be generated towards the sender of the SIP 380 response,possibly including an error indicator with an explanation or reason. Asa further variation, a UA entity (e.g., a UE device) can also include anAccept header field to provide an indication that it is willing toreceive Session Description Protocol (SDP) content as well as any of theMIME types it is capable of processing.

An exemplary Content-Disposition header field in the ABNF form is setforth below in Table 7:

TABLE 7 Content-Disposition = “Content-Disposition” HCOLON disp-type *(SEMI disp-param ) disp-type = “render” / “session” / “icon” / “alert” /“X- process” / disp-extension-token disp-param = handling-param /generic-param handling-param = “handling” EQUAL ( “optional” /“required” / other-handling ) other-handling = “X-process” / tokendisp-extension-token = “X-process” / tokenIt should be recognized that “X-process” is a process extension that isto be applied when indicated in the “disp-type”, and such a process maycomprise a private value defined bilaterally between two cooperatingagents without outside registration or standardization. A desireddisposition process may be given any name to indicate a certainbehavior, and other names could also be used to indicate the samebehavior. Furthermore, the Content-Disposition header field may alsocontain other indications or properties to signal other types offunctionalities including but not limited to: (i) the XML documentshould be processed by a specific function; (ii) the XML document shouldbe processed by a specific application; (iii) the XML document should beprocessed by a specific application in a specific function; (iv) the XMLdocument is originated from a specific function; (v) the XML document isoriginated from a specific application in a specific function; and (vi)the XML document is to be processed in accordance with certain standardsand sections therein. As an illustration, the SIP 380 (AlternativeService) response message could be used to indicate an ES call or itcould be used to inform a function that it needs to change from oneradio access technology (RAT) and/or domain to another. Clearly, otherproperties and any combinations of the foregoing properties may beimplemented as well.

A disp-type value of “process” or “X-process” or some other genericvalue may be provided to include indications to signal the execution ofdirectives, scripts, etc. under different conditions, e.g., (i) thefunctional element (e.g., any UA entity but not limited thereto) decidesto add a Content-Disposition header and no other suitable value isdefined; (ii) the functional element (e.g., any UA entity but notlimited thereto) is required to add a Content-Disposition header (tooverride a default behavior such as, e.g., rendering the content); (iii)the functional element (e.g., any UA entity but not limited thereto)wants to set the handling parameter associated with aContent-Disposition header field to “required” or “optional” explicitly;or (iv) any combination of the above.

Exemplary disposition process names may be set forth as follows: (i)3gpp-alternative-service: indicates that the P-CSCF is sending themessage body; (ii) 3gpp-emergency: indicates that the P-CSCF is sendingthe message body and the XML document contains directives, script(s) orother information for an ES call or application; and (iii)3gpp-service-info: indicates that the XML content is for the AS nodereceiving the message body. It should be noted that multiple contentdisposition values may be allowed to implement combinations ofprocesses. For instance, a process named “3gpp-emergency, alert” isoperable to indicate an ES call over the CS domain as well as to providea notification to the user of such call.

The content-disposition value names set forth above are operable toinform the recipient that the contents of the MIME type“application/3gpp-ims+xml” is to be processed in a particular way.Specifically, as an example, it might be to signal the setting up of anES call on a CS network or performing an emergency registration. Thehandling of the “process” may include a short time-out, enough for auser to realize an emergency number was recognized although it wasn'tintended. In this manner, inadvertent ES calls may be avoided.Additionally, the processes set forth herein would also allow a networknode (e.g., AS node) or a UE device without a Man-Machine Interface(MMI) to prevent rendering of the contents of an emergency callindicator (e.g., SIP 380 (Alternative Service) response), thereby notconflicting with the intended processing. However, selective renderingof certain textual or audiovisual information may be allowed wherepossible and/or useful. For instance, for the MIME type“application/3gpp-ims+xml”, the value “render” may signal to the UEdevice to present or indicate the contents of the <reason> XML element(having textual information). Likewise, for the MIME type“application/3gpp-ims+xml”, the value “alert” may signal to the UEdevice to alert the user.

In one embodiment, 3GPP TS 24.229 may be enhanced as follows with adefault behavior for applying a specific Content-Disposition headerfield disposition type values upon receiving a body in a well-definedcontext. It should be noted that different default Content-Dispositionheader field disposition type values may apply for different contexts.

In a further enhancement of the above embodiment, 3GPP TS 24.229 may beenhanced to even override/ignore a Content-Disposition header fielddisposition type value present in the SIP message and simply executingthe default Content-Disposition header field disposition type value forthat context. This embodiment may be exemplified as follows:

-   -   Upon receiving a 380 (Alternative Service) response to the        INVITE request, with the 380 (Alternative Service) response        including a IM CN subsystem XML body, with the type element set        to “emergency” and the action element set to        “emergency-registration” the UE shall:        -   apply the content-disposition of “3gpp-alternative-service”            (see subclause 7.2A.11 in 3GPP TS 24.229);        -   perform an initial emergency registration using a different            VPLMN if available, as described in subclause 5.1.6.2 in            3GPP TS 24.229 and if the new emergency registration            succeeded, attempt an emergency call as described in this            subclause;        -   attempt emergency call via CS domain according to the            procedures described in 3GPP TS 24.008, if available and not            already tried; or        -   perform implementation specific actions to establish the            emergency call.            Or as follows:    -   Upon receiving a 380 (Alternative Service) response to the        INVITE request, with the 380 (Alternative Service) response        include a IM CN subsystem XML body, with the type element set to        “emergency” and the action element set to        “emergency-registration” the UE shall:        -   apply the content-disposition of “3gpp-alternative-service”            (see subclause 7.2A.11 in 3GPP TS 24.229);        -   perform an initial emergency registration, as described in            subclause 5.1.6.2 in 3GPP TS 24.229 and attempt an emergency            call as described in subclause 5.1.6.8.3 in 3GPP TS 24.229;        -   attempt emergency call via CS domain according to the            procedures described in 3GPP TS 24.008, if available and not            already tried; or        -   perform implementation specific actions to establish the            emergency call.            The Content-Disposition header field disposition type values            3gpp-alternative-service and 3gpp-service-info have been            defined as follows:    -   3gpp-alternative-service is used with Content-Type        application/3gpp-ims+xml when the element <alternative-service>        is included.    -   3gpp-service-info is used with Content-Type        application/3gpp-ims+xml when the element <service-info> is        included.

In some implementations, it is possible to include multiple contentdispositions within a SIP message. Set forth below is an example inTable 8.

TABLE 8 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=outerContent-Description: multipart-1 --outer  Content-Type: text/plain Content-Disposition: inline  Content-Description: text-part-1  <<textgoes here>> --outer  Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=inner Content-Disposition: attachment  Content-Description: multipart-2--inner  Content-Type: text/plain  Content-Disposition: inline Content-Description: text-part-2  <<more text here>> --inner Content-Type: image/jpeg  Content-Disposition: attachment Content-Description: jpeg-1  <jpeg data> --inner- --outer-

As alluded to previously with respect to an exemplary implementation ofan Emergency Services (ES) call (see FIG. 9), the SIP 380 (AlternativeService) response message from the IMS network node may be provided withthe capability to signal to the receiving UE device various functionalindications such as, e.g., trying again over a PLMN or another PSnetwork to make the ES call, specifying one or more RATs to use, orprovide an additional XML body with another content disposition value toindicate execution of a profile in the UE device. For example, the SIP380 (Alternative Service) response message may signal by sending an“alert” element and when the UE devices receives that indication, ittriggers execution of a pre-configured stored profile with respect tothe ES call. An exemplary profile may involve playing tones, beeps,etc., as well as displaying textual messages/instructions on the displayscreen to the user (e.g., retry the emergency call). In a still furthervariation, the XML body of the SIP 380 (Alternative Service) responsemay actually contain a profile that is provided to the UE device, whichmay be executed to indicate what the UE device should do.

In a more generalized manner, it should be realized that the foregoingtreatments with respect to the SIP 380 (Alternative Service) responsesmay be implemented in any SIP message (e.g., any but not restricted tothose that include an address of an emergency session not detected bythe UE device and not expressed as an address according to some PrivateNumber Plan or PNP). It should be appreciated that private numberinginformation may be sent in the Request-URI of the outgoing SIP requests,using one of the following formats: (i) a TEL URI in compliance with RFC3966, with a local number followed by a phone-context value; (ii) a SIPURI in compliance with RFC 3261, with the user=phone parameter; (iii) aSIP URI in compliance with RFC 3261 and RFC 4967, with theuser=dialstring parameter; and (iv) a SIP URI in compliance with RFC3261, where the user part contains the private numbering information andthe domain name is specific enough to enable the network to understandthat the user part contains private numbering information. Additionally,when the disposition type is not understood or it mismatches with therange of expected disposition types for a corresponding content type, aSIP 400 or 4xx response may be sent.

Analogous to the effects of absence of correct information in an Acceptheader or of having unexpected content in a message body as set forth inthe foregoing sections, there may be a number of potential errorscenarios with respect to the Content-Disposition header as well. Thesescenarios can be roughly categorized as follows, for example: (i) theContent-Disposition header is present but unknown; (ii) theContent-Disposition header is present but unknown, yet with known aparameter; (iii) the Content-Disposition header is present butinappropriate; and (iv) the Content-Disposition header is not present(i.e., absent).

Similar to the teachings in previous sections, where a UA entity orproxy has no MMI or is aware that a message body is not supposed to berendered by the recipient, it can potentially be unclear as to how theUA entity can effectively benefit from a filename parameter or otherinformation in the SIP method that requires interaction with the uservia a suitable MMI. As before, one exemplary implementation may involveproviding a local preference setting with appropriate defaults, e.g.,per MIME type, Content-Disposition and its parametric value. Anothervariation may involve providing additional treatments in cases wherecertain headers (e.g., Content-Encoding) are present or where certaininformation is present in the requested SIP method.

Set forth below is an example illustrative of a default treatmentmodification, where a SIP 380 (Alternative Service) response message isreceived with Content-Type “application/3gpp-ims+xml”, the defaulttreatment (i.e., render in the absence of another value) is overridden,and “3gpp-alternative-service” may be applied independent of the valueor presence of the Content-Disposition header field:

TABLE 9 SIP method == 380 SIP header field == (content-type ==“application/3gpp-ims+xml”) SIP header field content-disposition :=“3gpp-alternative-service” SIP header field value SIP header field valueparameter SIP header field value parameter value SIP header fieldparameter SIP header field parameter valueThe above treatment exemplifies a default content disposition processhaving the name “3gpp-alternative-service”. By providing a specificname-based disposition process, the default treatment or header valueinformation may be overridden or ignored in some cases, especially inthe case of SIP message bodies that contain directives or scriptsunsuitable for rendering. Other conditions may also be evaluated priorto overriding or ignoring a (default) content disposition value, forexample, the presence or value of other SIP headers, values, parameters,body part(s), body (part) values, etc. This table could be different fordifferent UAs and enables one UA representing a certain functionalelement (e.g., a UE device) apply a different content-deposition thanthe content-deposition applied by another UA representing a certainfunctional element (e.g. an AS node).

The default treatment information illustrated in Tables above may beprovisioned by operators, third parties, subscribers, or in anycombination. In one implementation, such tables may be expressed in thesame structure as the initial filter criteria (IFC), or by way of asuitable common policy framework or via Service Books or using OpenMobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM) or otherwise (including,e.g., the disposition being hard-coded). Default treatment tables may bedownloaded to the UA entities using the OMA Device Managementprocedures, possibly via transport mechanisms such as, e.g.,Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), Short Messaging Service(SMS), Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS), IP, and so on.

Accordingly, a content disposition policy manager may be provisioned ina SIP UA entity that defines a set of policies with respect to defaulttreatment options for different types of contents, etc. For instance, ifa SIP message is received with a certain content type, the defaultbehavior is dependent on the disposition value in accordance with apolicy structure managed by the UA. Set forth below in Table 10 is anexemplary policy structure:

TABLE 10 Content type <value> - 1 Accepted disposition values <value> -2 Rejected disposition values <value> - 3 Ignore disposition values<values> - 4 Default value to take <value> - 5 None received - 6 Defaultvalue to take <value> - 7The foregoing example provides that if the UA receives a message withcontent type (1), then the UA is to examine the disposition value, ifreceived. The policy hierarchy then executes as follows: (i) accepteddisposition values (2) which, if received, direct that the UA entity toperform/process in accordance any known standard (e.g., applicable IETFstandards, 3GPP standards, etc.); (ii) rejected disposition values (3)received for the content type, which direct the UA entity to reject themessage bodies in entirety or to ignore portions following specific MIMEtypes; (iii) ignored disposition values (4), where the UA entity isdirected to apply a default handling disposition value (5), if received;(iv) no disposition (6) is received, where the UA entity is directed toapply another default handling disposition value (7).

With respect to the various potential error scenarios relating to theContent-Disposition header field, additional implementations may befound in the following prior U.S. provisional patent application: “SIPCONTENT DISPOSITION HEADER SYSTEM AND METHOD,” Application No.61/015,003, filed Dec. 19, 2007, in the name(s) of Jan John-Luc Bakker,Adrian Buckley and Andrew Allen, which is incorporated by referenceherein. In general, the embodiments provide a scheme wherein appropriatevalues can be assigned to the header even where they are absent, basedon local UA conditions, configurations, and policy management.

Additionally, contexualized content disposition is also provided wheresome content types may trigger or require different behavior dependingon the context. For example, content type “application/3gpp-ims+xml” ina SIP 380 response message may be mandated to cause the initiation of anES call/session setup when received with some data values on a UEdevice. On the other hand, when the same content type with differentdata is received at an AS node in a SIP INVITE message, it informs theapplication on the AS node of certain subscriber information. In bothcases “rendering” is inappropriate; however, a single default policycannot be applied given the two different applications of the same MIMEtype. Accordingly, a context-specific default treatment process may bespecified for the UE and AS nodes, respectively, as set forth in theembodiments described above.

FIG. 11 depicts a block diagram of an embodiment of a communicationsdevice operable as an SIP-compatible UE device, e.g., UE 102, forpurposes of the present patent disclosure. It will be recognized bythose skilled in the art upon reference hereto that although anembodiment of UE 102 may comprise an arrangement similar to one shown inFIG. 11, there can be a number of variations and modifications, inhardware, software or firmware, with respect to the various modulesdepicted. Accordingly, the arrangement of FIG. 11 should be taken asillustrative rather than limiting with respect to the embodiments of thepresent patent disclosure. A microprocessor 1102 providing for theoverall control of an embodiment of the UE device is operably coupled toa communication subsystem 1104 that may be capable of multi-modecommunications (e.g., CS domain, IP domain such as IMS, et cetera). Thecommunication subsystem 1104 generally includes one or more receivers1108 and one or more transmitters 1114 as well as associated componentssuch as one or more local oscillator (LO) modules 1110 and a processingmodule such as a digital signal processor (DSP) 1112. As will beapparent to those skilled in the field of communications, the particulardesign of the communication module 1104 may be dependent upon thecommunications networks with which the mobile device is intended tooperate (e.g., a CDMA network, a GSM network, WLAN, et cetera).Regardless of the particular design, however, signals received byantenna 1106 through appropriate access infrastructure 1105 (e.g.,cellular base station towers, WLAN hot spots, etc.) are provided toreceiver 1108, which may perform such common receiver functions assignal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channelselection, analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion, and the like. Similarly,signals to be transmitted are processed, including modulation andencoding, for example, by DSP 1112, and provided to transmitter 1114 fordigital-to-analog (D/A) conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering,amplification and transmission over the air-radio interface via antenna1116.

Microprocessor 1102 may also interface with further device subsystemssuch as auxiliary input/output (I/O) 1118, serial port 1120, display1122, keyboard/keypad 1124, speaker 1126, microphone 1128, random accessmemory (RAM) 1130, a short-range communications subsystem 1132, and anyother device subsystems, e.g., timer mechanisms, generally labeled asreference numeral 1133. To control access, an interface 1134 may also beprovided in communication with the microprocessor 1102 with respect to aremovable storage module (Universal/Subscriber Identity Module (U/SIM)or Removable User Identity Module (RUIM)). In one implementation, U/SIMor RUIM interface 1134 may be operable with a U/SIM or RUIM card havinga number of key configurations 1144 and other information 1146 such asdefault content disposition profiles, policy managers, alternativenetwork information, as well as identification and subscriber-relateddata that may supplement local storage-based information.

Operating system software and applicable service logic software may beembodied in a persistent storage module (i.e., non-volatile storage)such as Flash memory 1135. In one implementation, Flash memory 1135 maybe segregated into different areas, e.g., storage area for computerprograms 1136 (e.g., service processing logic), as well as data storageregions such as device state 1137, address book 1139, other personalinformation manager (PIM) data 1141, and other data storage areasgenerally labeled as reference numeral 1143. A transport stack 1145 maybe provided to effectuate one or more appropriate radio-packet transportprotocols. In addition, a content disposition policy manager anddisposition indicator logic module 1148, along with an XML schemavalidator and version negotiation logic block in some implementations,is provided for facilitating one or more embodiments as set forth indetail hereinabove.

It should be appreciated that the various operations, components andprocesses set forth in the present patent disclosure, operable either atthe UE device, the IMS network node, or at other network locations, maybe accomplished via a number of means, including software (e.g., programcode or sequence of instructions), firmware, hardware, or in anycombination, usually in association with a processing system, ascomponents configured to perform specific functions. Where the processesare embodied in software, such software may comprise programinstructions that form a computer program product, instructions oncomputer-accessible media, uploadable service application software, orsoftware downloadable from a remote station, and the like. Further,where the processes, data structures, or both, are stored incomputer-accessible storage, such storage may include semiconductormemory, internal and external computer storage media and encompasses,but not limited to, nonvolatile media, volatile media, and transmissionmedia. Nonvolatile media may include CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, PROMs,Flash memory, or optical media. Volatile media may include dynamicmemory, caches, RAMs, etc. Transmission media may include carrier wavesor other signal-bearing media. As used herein, the phrase“computer-accessible medium” encompasses “computer-readable medium” aswell as “computer-executable medium.”

Furthermore, although the embodiments set forth herein have beendescribed in detail with respect to SIP-based messaging in3GPP-compliant networks, it will be recognized that the teachings of thepresent patent disclosure may be applied to other distributedenvironments involving different protocols (e.g., HTTP). Likewise, theteachings herein may also be applied in respect of other Markuplanguages where versioned bodies are possible and some sort of ameta-structure is used for validation of such bodies.

It is believed that the operation and construction of the embodiments ofthe present patent application will be apparent from the DetailedDescription set forth above. While the exemplary embodiments shown anddescribed may have been characterized as being preferred, it should bereadily understood that various changes and modifications could be madetherein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure asset forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: receiving, from UserEquipment (UE) device, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) requestmessage via a first IP network by a network node; transmitting a SIPresponse message by the network node via the first IP network, the SIPresponse message being responsive to the SIP request message andincluding at least one message body content in the SIP responsemessage's body, the SIP response message further includes a content typeindicator for the at least one message body content; and wherein the UEdevice provides, by one or more processors, a treatment for the at leastone message body content based on a value of the content type indicatorindependent of at least one of an absence of a content dispositionindicator, a content disposition indicator without a value, or a contentdisposition indicator having a value, the treatment, applied by the UEdevice, comprising one of: (i) performing an Emergency Services (ES)call effectuated via a circuit-switched network; or (ii) performing aregistration and an ES call effectuated via an IP network, wherein theregistration involves sending a SIP REGISTER message.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the SIP response message's body comprises at least onedirective.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the SIP response message'sbody comprises an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the content type is an XML media type or anXML-Based Media Type.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the XML mediatype or the XML-Based Media Type is defined by an XML schema.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the content disposition indicator is providedin a Content-Disposition header field.
 7. The method of claim 6, whereinthe content type indicator is provided in a Content-Type header field.8. The method of claim 7, wherein each of the Content-Disposition headerfield and the Content-Type header field takes on a value comprisingtextual information.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the IP networkcomprises a second IP network.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein thetreatment comprises providing an indication to a user.
 11. A networknode, comprising: a receiver configured to receive, from User Equipment(UE) device, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) request message via afirst IP network; a transmitter configured to transmit a SIP responsemessage by the network node via the first IP network, the SIP responsemessage being responsive to the SIP request message and including atleast one message body content in the SIP response message's body, theSIP response message further includes a content type indicator for theat least one message body content; and wherein the UE device provides,by one or more processors, a treatment for the at least one message bodycontent based on a value of the content type indicator independent of atleast one of an absence of a content disposition indicator, a contentdisposition indicator without a value, or a content dispositionindicator having a value, the treatment, applied by the UE device,comprising one of: (i) performing an Emergency Services (ES) calleffectuated via a circuit-switched network; or (ii) performing aregistration and an ES call effectuated via an IP network, wherein theregistration involves sending a SIP REGISTER message.
 12. The networknode of claim 11, wherein the SIP response message's body comprises atleast one directive.
 13. The network node of claim 11, wherein the SIPresponse message's body comprises an Extensible Markup Language (XML)document.
 14. The network node of claim 11, wherein the content type isan XML media type or an XML-Based Media Type.
 15. The network node ofclaim 14, wherein the XML media type or the XML-Based Media Type isdefined by an XML schema.
 16. The network node of claim 11, wherein thecontent disposition indicator is provided in a Content-Dispositionheader field.
 17. The network node of claim 16, wherein the content typeindicator is provided in a Content-Type header field.
 18. The networknode of claim 17, wherein each of the Content-Disposition header fieldand the Content-Type header field takes on a value comprising textualinformation.
 19. The network node of claim 11, wherein the IP networkcomprises a second IP network.
 20. The network node of claim 11, whereinthe treatment comprises providing an indication to a user.